Dacryocystitis
Definition
Dacryocystitis is swelling and irritation of the lacrimal sac. This sac starts near the inner corner of the eye and runs along the side of the nose. Tears move through tear ducts into this sac. They are then passed out into the nasal passages.
Causes
This problem is caused by a blocked tear duct. Tears become
trapped in the sac and form a pool. Bacteria can then grow in the tear pool and create
an infection. Both the trapped tears and infection will cause swelling and
irritation.
Risk Factors
This problem is most common in infants with blocked tear ducts. Other things that may raise the risk of this problem are:
-
Swelling and infection in the area from things like
conjunctivitis
or
sinusitis
- Problems with the tear duct structure, such as narrowing of ducts
- Injury to the eye or surrounding tissue
Symptoms
A person may have:
- Redness and tenderness on the side of the nose near the inner corner of the eye
- Swelling or a bump on the side of the nose
- Fever
- Mucus or pus in the corner of the eye
- Crusty eyelids or eyelashes after sleep
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. An eye exam will be done. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.
Fluid samples may be taken from the eye or sac. The fluid will be
checked for bacteria. This will help the doctor decide which antibiotic may work
best.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to help the tears drain properly and to
clear up any infection.
For a tear duct blockage without signs of infection, the doctor
may advise:
- Warm compresses over the area
- Gentle massage of the duct to promote draining
Antibiotics may be needed to treat an infection caused by bacteria.
The cause of the tear duct blockage may need to be treated. This may be done with:
- A balloon procedure to open narrow tear ducts
- Surgery to open or create a new path for tears to drain
Prevention
Dacryocystitis cannot be prevented.
Resources
Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians
http://www.familydoctor.org
Kid's Health—Nemours Foundation
http://www.kidshealth.org
Canadian Resources
Canadian Association of Optometrists
https://opto.ca
Health Canada
https://www.canada.ca
References
Dacryocystitis. Merck Manual Professional Version website.
Available at:
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/eyelid-and-lacrimal-disorders/dacryocystitis.
Accessed May 2, 2022.
Dacryocystitis (acute). The College of Optometrists website.
Available at:
https://www.college-optometrists.org/clinical-guidance/clinical-management-guidelines/dacryocystitis%5Facute.
Accessed May 2, 2021.
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction. EBSCO DynaMed website.
Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction-15. Accessed
May 2, 2022.